Operating System (OS)
An Operating System (OS) is the fundamental system software
that manages computer hardware and software resources, serving as the essential
bridge between the user, applications, and the physical machine. It handles
core tasks like memory allocation, process scheduling, and peripheral device
control
Common operating systems can be categorized into the following types based on their architecture and use cases:
· · Batch OS: Groups similar jobs together and processes them in batches without user interaction. Ideal for tasks with large files like payroll and data entry.
·
Time-Sharing OS: Allows multiple users at
different terminals to share a single computer system simultaneously. The CPU
rapidly switches between tasks, providing an interactive environment.
·
Multiprocessing OS: Uses two or more processors
(CPUs) within a single computer system to execute multiple processes
simultaneously, increasing speed and reliability.
·
Distributed OS: Connects independent, networked
computers together so they appear and function as a single centralized system,
sharing resources seamlessly.
·
Network OS (NOS): Runs on a server and manages
network traffic, data, user security, and access to shared resources like
printers.
·
Real-Time OS (RTOS): Designed for critical,
high-priority applications where data must be processed within a strict time
limit. Used in medical devices, robotics, and air traffic control.
·
Mobile OS: Specifically designed to power
portable devices like smartphones and tablets, prioritizing touch interfaces
and battery efficiency. Examples include Android and iOS.
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